Nfs windows protocol. NFC technology in smartphones and its practical use. Example NFS Server and Client Configuration

• "-o anon" - connect with anonymous user rights;
• "KOM-FS01" is the name of the NFS server;
• "mnt \ vdo-vd1 \ ovirt-iso-domain" is the local path to the directory on the NFS server;
• "I" is the Windows drive letter

Other available parameters and utility keys can be viewed with the command " mount /? For example, when connecting, we can explicitly specify the username and password on the NFS server.

When opening properties of directories and files in a mounted NFS directory, we will see a special tab " NFS Attributes"with the appropriate attributes, including information about the current permissions to the directory / file, which, in case of sufficient rights, we can manage.

When you run the command again mount without specifying parameters, we will get information about the current connections of the NFS client and the properties of these connections:

Here we can see what UID and GUID, connected. For anonymous connections, this is the default. -2 /-2 ... If for some reason we need to change these identifiers for all anonymous client connections, then we can add a couple of missing by default registry parameters like DWORD(32-bit):

• AnonymousUid
• AnonymousGid

to the registry key:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE \ SOFTWARE \ Microsoft \ ClientForNFS \ CurrentVersion \ Default

In the values ​​of the created parameters, you can write the desired UID and GUID that will be used for all anonymous connections. The screenshot below uses an example with values 1000 :1000 (decimal).

If we want all anonymous connections to use root-ov identifiers, then AnonymousUid = must be specified in the corresponding registry parameters 0 and AnonymousGid = 0 ... Specifying root identifiers can be useful if, for example, we need not only read, but write in the mounted NFS directory, and the remote NFS server permits writing only to the root user and / or members of the root group.

For the changes to take effect, you will need to stop and restart the NFS Client service from the previously mentioned Services for NFS snap-in (nfsmgmt.msc).

Or, if restarting the computer is not a problem, you can also restart the client computer for the changes to take effect.

My attempts to restart the system service " Client for NFS" (NfsClnt) through standard mechanisms such as the service management snap-in services.msc or utility " net"showed that this, for some reason, makes it impossible to start the service after it is stopped. Therefore, to restart the NFS client it is better to use the" native "snap-in. Although, again, it was noticed that multiple stops / starts of the service in the" Services for NFS "can also cause the NFS client to malfunction. As a result, for example, the utility" mount"might stop mounting NFS directories, giving a network error:

In such cases, only restarting the client computer helps, after which everything starts working again.

After the necessary changes have been made to the registry and the NFS client service has been successfully restarted, we will try to mount the NFS directory again and see with the command " mount"connection information.

As you can see, now the security identifiers are exactly the ones that were previously indicated by us in the registry.

Disconnect NFS Connected network resources it is as simple as connecting, only with the help of another utility - " umount"

In general, it is good that now users of Windows 10 Professional edition have the standard ability to work with network file shares using the NFS protocol. We will use this in our work.

The essence of the problem: at one time, Samsung began to produce TVs that support the DLNA technology developed by leading manufacturers of household appliances, based on the "digital home" principle. This technology made it possible to integrate TVs into a local home network, which made it possible to exchange media content between a TV and a computer, and in particular, watch movies on TV stored on a computer on local network or via WiFi. However, the multimedia solution proposed by Samsung to implement this technology leaves much to be desired, to put it mildly. So, movies watched over the network in the built-in TV media player, in most cases, are not rewound. In addition, while watching movies over the network, as opposed to watching movies from a USB flash drive or portable hard disk connected to the TV via USB, the continuous playback function is not supported (blue button on the remote control). Finally, the very need to run Samsung PC Share Manger every time on your computer and make corrections after each deletion or addition of video files to the disk is a little annoying.

Enabling the NFS (Network File System) network protocol will help us not only to eliminate the existing problems with watching movies on TV on a local network, but also to increase the data transfer speed (which can be an important factor when watching large HD movies). After we make the necessary installation and configuration of the NFS server, our computer will be perceived by the TV as if we connected a portable HDD to the TV via USB (the only difference will be in the data exchange rate, which is determined by the maximum bandwidth of your local network or WiFi connection).

NFS is a server-client networking protocol. We will have a computer as a server, a TV set as a client. We have already discussed the inclusion of NFS support on the TV in the previous section during the setup and installation of the SamyGO Auto application on the TV. If you remember, in the settings of the SamyGO Auto configurator, we checked the box opposite the NFS section and also registered the IP address of the NFS server (192.168.xxx.xxx), that is, the address of our computer:
In this section, we will look at installing and configuring an NFS server on our computer. There are many different programs on the Internet for installing and configuring an NFS server. We will use the application haneWIN NFS Server(it is shareware, and after a certain period of time it requires registration serial number, but, as you understand, there are always craftsmen on the Internet who can solve this problem). So let's get started:

Note: Sometimes Windows firewall or antivirus built-in firewall can block the operation of the NFS server. Whatever this happens, in the Windows firewall (or if you have another firewall, then in it) you need to allow access to the network for two applications: nfsd.exe and pmapd.exe (they are located in the server installation folder C: \ Program Files \ nfsd).

Finally, turn on the TV and make sure our NFS server is up and running. In the previous section, when we installed the SamyGO Auto program on the TV, we indicated the parameter for autorun in it. Therefore, when you turn on the TV, it should automatically detect our NFS (this does not happen immediately, but approximately 20 seconds after turning on the TV). So, turn on the TV, then go to the media player and see a new device there - NFS Server.

If you notice, there is a USB connection icon next to NFS. This is what we talked about earlier, now your TV will perceive the computer as a hard drive or a USB flash drive. You can go to the Movie section and enjoy watching movies over the network. You no longer need to run Samsung PC Share Manger on your computer. Just add a movie to your computer's movie folder and it will automatically "load" into your TV's media player.

In the next section, we will talk about how to record programs from TV to a USB flash drive, or, since we now have NFS, to a folder with movies on a computer.

Not everyone is familiar with data transfer protocols. But many would like to connect their computers to one network or use a server to store files. One way to do this: NFS. How to set up an NFS server in Ubuntu - read on.

Correctly configuring NFS, you can combine computers on different operating systems into one network.

Network File System is a network file access protocol. As usual, it consists of two parts. One is the client's one, which is located on the computer from which the remote data is viewed. The other, the server room, is located on the computer where this data is stored. It is quite convenient to use additional disk space, especially on a local network. And if we are talking about some corporate PCs, then this is simply necessary.

What is the difference?

Today there are a large number of protocols and very different software which performs the same functions. What makes NFS stand out?

• The ability to connect to one network of computers on different operating systems. It is often convenient for Windows OS to connect via NFS to a Unix system such as Ubuntu. Samba exists and is used for the same purpose, but NFS is easier, simpler and faster than this program, since it is implemented at the kernel level. Therefore, it will usually be easier to configure access through it.
• NFS provides transparent file access. This means that all remote files are played in the same way as local ones. Programs do not need to be upgraded to play any file on the server.
• NFS only sends the requested portion of the file, not the entire file.

To install the Network File System for full operation, it is necessary at least on two computers: a server and a client. Naturally, a beginner will have to sweat most of all over the server part, since it is there that you need to "share" (open access) folders. However, all of this is fairly easy to do.

Like most data transfer protocols, NFS is not young at all. It was developed in 1984 and was intended for UNIX systems. This is still the main role of NFS, but many have found it very convenient to connect Windows and Linux computers with it. In addition, NFS is great for playing multimedia content over a local home network. Samba in this role often freezes and slows down.

Installing the NFS backend

We will install the server part of the protocol on Ubuntu 16.04. Naturally, if you have a Server edition, then the process is in no way different. It's just that in the traditional version of Ubuntu, some actions can be performed using the graphical interface.

Installing the program. To do this, you can use the Application Download Center, or you can simply enter the command:

sudo apt install nfs-kernel-server

After that, it will be superfluous to check the correctness of the installation. It is not necessary to do this, but we will check it anyway. We enter the command:

The port must be 2049 everywhere.

Now we check if the kernel supports NFS. To do this, enter:

cat / proc / filesystems | grep nfs

The resulting value should look like this: nodev nfsd

This means that everything is functioning correctly. If not, then enter the command:

With it, we install the kernel module ourselves.

Add the protocol to autorun. It is not necessary to do this, but it is very inconvenient to turn it on every time. You can add, again, using a special menu item in the settings, or you can do it yourself using the command:

sudo systemctl enable nfs

So, we have installed the server part, it remains to configure it correctly and go to the client.

Customization

Setting up NFS in Ubuntu involves sharing specific folders.

In addition to simply opening access, you must also specify the parameters that determine the user's capabilities in relation to this folder.

• rw - reading and writing this parameter allows reading and writing files in the folder.
• ro - reading only - allows only reading the folder.
• sync (default) - this parameter ensures the reliability of the transfer. If it is enabled, then it will not be possible to simultaneously transfer multiple files or to different computers. This setting will prevent other requests from being answered. Prevents loss of data, but transmission can be slower.
• async is the opposite of the previous parameter. The transfer is faster, but there is a risk of information loss.
• secure - this option allows using only ports whose numbers are lower than 1024. Enabled by default.
• insecure - allows the use of any ports.
• nohide - if you mount several directories, among which there are nested ones, then the nested ones, unlike the parent, will be displayed as empty. The parameter will help to fix this.
• anonuid - Specifies the uid for anonymous users. This is a special user ID.
• anongid - Specifies the gid for anonymous. GID (Group ID) is another user identifier.
• no_subtree_check - the function disables subtree control. The fact is that without it, NFS additionally checks that users access only the necessary partitions of the directory. This slows things down. The parameter allows you to speed up it, but lowers the security.

We will use them depending on what is needed in a particular situation.

Let's create new folder... You can also use a new one. Our folder will be / var / network.

Now you need to add this folder to the / etc / exports file. All files and folders with open network access are stored there. The entry should look like this:

/var/network168.1.1(rw,async,no_subtree_check)

192.168.1.1 is the IP over which we transmit. It is obligatory to indicate it.

We update the export table:

Now let's try to access the folder from the client side.

Installing and configuring the NFS client

Ubuntu

It will not be difficult to connect a configured server to Ubuntu. This is done in just a couple of commands.

Install a special client package:

sudo apt install nfs-common

sudo mount 192.168.1.1:/var/network/ / mnt /

The network folder is connected. Using df, you can check all connected network folders:

You can also check your access level with a special command:

Disable the file system as follows:

The mount command is used almost everywhere. She is responsible for the mounting process, that is, preparing space on the hard disk for using it. operating system... It sounds complicated, but if we simplify it, it turns out that we just transfer network files to our computer in the newly-minted folder. Here it is called / mnt /.

Windows

With Windows, as a rule, everything is much more complicated. The NFS client can be run without problems on all server Windows. Of the standard ones, it is present on:

• Windows 7 Ultimate / Enterprise
• Windows 8 / 8.1 Enterprise
• Windows 10 Enterprise

Nowhere else to be found. If you have one of these versions, do the following:

1. Open the "Programs and Features" menu.
2. Click "Add Components".
3. We find NFS there and put only "Client for NFS", we do not need another component.

After connecting, everything is mounted with the same command:

mount 192.168.1.1:/var/network/ / mnt /

You can unmount as follows:

Commands are entered into command line launched on behalf of the administrator. After that, you can easily find the desired network drive using Explorer.

But what if there is no NFS client on the computer? You can try to download the software through the Microsoft website or from third-party resources. Other commands or actions may be needed here.

Now you have a basic understanding of how you can use NFC and go through the simplest setup. This knowledge is enough to establish access from one computer to another. Moreover, a Windows PC can also act as a client.

Network File System NFS, or Network File System, is a popular network file system protocol that allows users to mount remote network directories on their machine and transfer files between servers. You can use disk space on another machine for your files and work with files located on other servers. In fact, this is an alternative to Windows sharing for Linux, unlike Samba, it is implemented at the kernel level and works more stable.

This article will walk you through installing nfs on Ubuntu 16.04. We will walk through the installation of all the necessary components, setting up a shared folder, as well as connecting network folders.

As already mentioned, NFS is a network filesystem. To work, you need a server that will host the shared folder and clients that can mount the network folder like a regular disk in the system. Unlike other protocols, NFS provides transparent access to deleted files... Programs will see files as in a regular file system and work with them as with local files, nfs returns only the requested part of the file, instead of the whole file, so this file system will work fine on systems with fast Internet or local network.

Installing NFS Components

Before we can work with NFS, we need to install a few programs. On the machine that will be the server, you need to install the nfs-kernel-server package, which will open nfs shares in ubuntu 16.04. To do this, run:

sudo apt install nfs-kernel-server

Now let's check if the server was installed correctly. The NFS service listens for connections for both TCP and UDP on port 2049. You can see if these ports are actually being used with the command:

rpcinfo -p | grep nfs

It is also important to check if NFS is supported at the kernel level:

cat / proc / filesystems | grep nfs

We see what works, but if not, you need to manually load the nfs kernel module:

Let's add nfs to startup as well:

sudo systemctl enable nfs

On the client computer, you need to install the nfs-common package to be able to work with this file system. You do not need to install the server components, just this package will be enough:

sudo apt install nfs-common

Setting up an NFS server on Ubuntu

We can open NFS access to any folder, but let's create a new one for this purpose:

folder_address client (options)

The folder address is the folder you want to make available over the network. Client - ip address or network address from which this folder can be accessed. But the options are a little more complicated. Let's consider some of them:

• rw- allow reading and writing in this folder
• ro- allow read only
• sync- respond to the following requests only when the data is saved to disk (default)
• async- do not block connections while data is being written to disk
• secure- use only ports below 1024 for connection
• insecure- use any ports
• nohide- do not hide subdirectories when opening access to multiple directories
• root_squash- replace requests from root with anonymous ones
• all_squash- make all requests anonymous
• anonuid and anongid- specifies the uid and gid for the anonymous user.

For example, for our folder, this line might look like this:

/ var / nfs 127.0.0.1 (rw, sync, no_subtree_check)

When everything was set up, it remains to update the NFS export table:

sudo exportfs -a

That's it, opening nfs balls in ubuntu 16.04 is complete. Now let's try to configure the client and try to mount it.

NFS connection

We will not dwell on this issue in detail in today's article. This is a fairly large topic that deserves a separate article. But I will say a few words.

To mount a network folder you don't need any ubuntu nfs client, just use the mount command:

sudo mount 127.0.0.1:/var/nfs/ / mnt /

Now you can try to create a file in the connected directory:

We'll also look at the mounted filesystems with df:

127.0.0.1:/var/nfs 30G 6,7G 22G 24% / mnt

To disable this file system, it is enough to use the standard umount:

sudo umount / mnt /

conclusions

This article looked at setting up nfs ubuntu 16.04, as you can see, everything is done very simply and transparently. Connecting NFS shares is done in a few clicks using standard commands, and opening nfs shares in ubuntu 16.04 is not much more difficult than connecting. If you have any questions, write in the comments!

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